Construction of spraying nozzles or atomizers



" awa 17, 1923. I Mazsss H. A. THOMPSON CONSTRUCTION OF SPRAYING NOZZLES OR ATOMIZERS' Filed June 12. 1922 '2 Sheets-Sheet l H. A. THOMPSON CONSTRUCTION OF SPRAYING NOZZLES OR ATOMIZERS Filed June 12. 1922 ZShee'ts-Sheet 2 HBERT ALEXANDER THOMPSON, OF NORTH SHIELDS, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR 01E 0 tat ar RE E0 SMITHS DOCK COMPANY LIMITED, OF SOUTH SHIELDS, ENGLAND, A COB}- POTION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

consrnocrion or sraarmo nozzr. on arorrrznas.

Application filed June 12, 1822.- Serial No. 587,853.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that HERBERT ALEXANDER THOMPSON, engineering manager, a subject of the Kin of Great Britain, residing at 9 Clevelan Terrace, North Shields, in the county of Northumberland, England, has invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Spraying Nozzles or Atomiz'ers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to spraying nozzles or atomizers for use in dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes, and has for its object to. provide a generally improved construction of spraying nozzle or atomizer, and in particular an improved construction of that type of atomizer wherein a spraying nozzle to which oil under pressure is supplied and flows into an annular chamber where it becomes heated or superheated and expanded and then flows into a second heating chamber adjacent to the outlet orifice, in which is located a conical projection, the apex of .which is presented to the outlet orifice of the nozzle, the oil entering the latter chamber at an increased velocity and being subject to a whirling motion before issuing from the nozzle in the form of a fine spray.

According to the present inventiomvadditional chambers which may be coaxial or annular are provided for the admission of steam or air to the chamber which is-adjacent to the outlet orifice, whereby the heavy oil is atomized or pulverized by means of the steam or air meeting the oil and rotating in the said chamber, so that complete atomizing is eflec'ted and when emitted from the outlet in the nozzle the fuel can be lighted by means of a torch in the usual way.

The "discharge passages for the oil and steam or air are preferably tangential and having the outlets so disposed that separate opposing or converging streams of oil and steam or air are discharged therefrom and.

meet u on or about the directing cone in the out et chamber.

Suitable auxiliary apertures maybe provided by which a quantity of air can be introduced by injection or induction into the burner by means of the steam blast.

The accompanying drawings illustrate eoveral forms o t e invention,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through one form of the improved atomizer.

F g. 2 is a section on line Y Y of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a modified construction.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of another modification, and

F g. 5 is a section on line X X of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section showing a further modification.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of a still further modification.

Fig. 8 is a detail view of a plug for closmg the central air inlet in the construction shewn in Figs. 4 to 7 when required.

The improved device shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a back disc or rear body a and a front body b so constructed that a recess 1n each of the bodies register upon assembling, and forms an annular chamber a from which small ducts or holes of lead into a central chamber e fitted with a variable nozzle f.

Within this central chamber e is arranged a hollow directing cone 9 its hollow part forming an internal chamber h from which also small ducts or holes 71 lead to the central chamber e. The holes or ducts d and 11 leading to the central chamber, are formed tangentially so that a swirling or rotating movement isimparted to the oil and to the steam and (or) air passing to the central chamber 6. These holes or ducts may be of any desired number and sizeand may be arranged at any angle or in any desired mannor to obtain the necessary efiect.

It will be obvious that the oil and the steam or air or steam and air, may. be supplied to the annular chamber 0 or to the chamber h in the hollow directing cone, or

vice versa as desired.

Suitable connections such as pipes j and k convey the oil and steam and (or) air to the annular chamber and the hollow directing cone, and these may be of any desired shape or'design and may be provided with shut-0d cocks or valves for controlling the oil supply and the steam or air supply.

These control valves may be arranged either as separate connections with pipes leading to the apparatus, or if desired, they may be made to form integral parts of same. The valve controlling t e 011 supply and the valve cotitrolling the steam or air supin relation to the amount of oil burned may e be automatically controlled with one regulation. y

In operation oil is supplied throughthe oil conveying connections is tothe annular chamber and from thence passes by way of the holes or ducts d to. the central chamber e, whilst steam, or air, or steam and air pass from their connections j to, the interior chamber it of the hollow directing cone and thence through the holes or ducts i to In the'modification shown in Fig. 3, the

annular chamber 1 is located around the directingcone behind the ducts or passages 2 and both said passages and the passage 3 are inclined forwardly so as to discharge into the rear end of the outlet chamber 4.

5 and 6 are cocks controlling the supply of oil and steam or air to the chambers 1 and 7. The opera'tionis as before described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. v

In the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5 an additional air intake 8 is provided through the centre of the cone 9, which is fitted with a hollow plug 10 which, when it is not desired to use the additional air inlet may be replaced by a solid plug 12 such as shown in Fig. 8, which plug 1s provided with a projection g to fill in the apex of the cone 9 when the additional air inlet is not in use. i

The chamber 11 is in this case also of annular form and discharges into'the chamber 12 along the face of the cone 9 in a for- 13 discharges centripetally through tangential slots forming the ducts or passages 14 so as to meet the discharge from the passages 15 in the chamber 12 about the cone 9. In this construction the annular chamber 13. is formed between the front disc or body 16 which carries the nozzle 17, and the rear disc or body 18 and the annular chamber 11 is formed in the reardisc or body 18 around the pluglO or p as the case may be, and the tangential passages 14 are in the form of slots in an annular extension cl from. the -body'18 around the cone 9. The outer ends of-the slots are closed by the inner face of the front body 16. 19 and 20 indicate pas- .sages to'which the supply pipes and connections are fitted.

' The .ciperation-is as described with reference to I t the streams from the passages 15 and 14 the central chamber e where, meeting the oil central passage 8 and as the already air is drawn in by 4 "to secure by Letters ward directlon whilst the annularchamber v igs. 1 and 2 withthe exception that menses issue at 'difi'erent angles into the chamber 12.

' The modification shown in Fig. 6 is similar in construction and operation to that shown in Figs. 4 and 5 with the exception that an annular lip 7" is provided around the cone 9' so as to direct the streams of oil and steam or air from passages 14 and 15 forwardly, before they meet in the chamber 12.

In the modification shown in Fig. 7 the construction is similar to that shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, with the addition of an auxiliary air admission chamber a to which air is admitted by pasages t. This chamber s is formed as an extension from the front body 6 and with this arrangement the nozzle f of the other constructions may be omit-v ted. According to this form the parts are precisely as in Figure 4 and are similarly indicated, except that the part 21 is enlarged at its outer portion to receive the slots t and the chamber 8; 4

The operation of this modification is as previously described as regards the streams of oil and steam or air meeting in the chamber" 12, but in addition, a further su ply of air may be admitted through t e atomized fluid passes from the chamber 12 through the chamber a a further supply of induction through the auxillary air passages t.

By the novel means described practically the same efiect is obtained by the meeting of the oil and steam, br air, as in the pres- 'sure atomizer described in the-specification of Letters Patent N 0. 27324 of 1912, already referred to, with the advantage that'it is not absolutely necessary to suppl the oil under pump pressure, as the supp y can be delivered by gravit .feed, and if desired, preheating of the oi may be dispensed with.

What I claim as m invention and desire atent is.:-- 1. A spraying nozzle or atomizer for use In dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes comprisin the combination of a. central outlet cham r, two annular supply chambers disposed coaxially, tangential discharge passages leadin in conver 'ng directions from said ann ar supply c ambers into said outlet chamber so that the jets of discharged fluid meet in said outlet chamber. 2. A spraying nozzle or atomizer for use in dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes comprising the combination of a central outlet chamber having an interchangeable nozzle and containing-a directing cone facing the outlet, two annular supply chambers disposed coaxially, tangential discharge passages leading in converging directions from said annular supply chambers into said outletchamberso that the jets of discharged fluid meet insaid outlet chamber.

sages from t e inner annular chamber beill) ing inclined in an axial direction whereby the jets of fluids discharged from said supplychambers meet in tangential and converging directions in said outlet chamber.

4:. A spraying nozzle or atomizer for use in dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes comprisin the combination of a central outlet cham 1', an annular supply chamber surrounding said outlet chamber, an inner supply chamber located coaxially with said annular supply chamber, fluid passages leading in meeting directions from said annular and inner supply chambers in.- to said outlet chamber, whereby the respective jets of fluid are directed one into the other in said central outlet chamber and means for admitting additional air to said central chamber. j

5. A spraying nozzle or atomizer for use in dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes comprisin the combination of a central outlet chamber, two annular supply chambers disposed coaxially, discharge ass leading from said annular chain are into said outlet chamber and directed so that the jets of fluid discharged from the respective annular chambers meet in said outlet chamber, and means for admitting additional air to mid central chamber.

6. A spraying nozzle or atomizer for use in dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes comprisin the combination of a central outlet cham er, two annular supply chambers disposed coaxially, discharge passages leading from said annular chambers into said outlet chamber and directed so 7 that the jets of fluid discharged from the till respective annular chambers meet in said outlet chamber, and means for admitting additional air by induction to said central chamber.

7. A spraying nozzle or atomizer for use in dealing with liquid fuel for combustion purposes comprising the combination of a central outlet chamber, two annular supply chambers dis coaxially, discharge pass leading from said annular chambers into said outlet chamr and directed so that the jets of fluid discharged from the suit tireannular chambe meet in said outlet chamber, means for admitting'additional air by induction both centlly to the outlet chamber and linen annular manner around the outlet nozzle thereof.

v arran 8. A spraying nozzle or atomizer comprising the combination of disc like front and rear body arts secured together; and recessed on t eir meeting faces to form between them a central outlet chamber, and an annular fluid supply chamber divided from said central outlet chamber by an annular partition, an annular fluid su ply chamber formed by a recess in the rear dy part, a directing cone formed on the face of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chamber,- tangentially ed fluid passages formed in the said rear H15 part and through the annular artition between the annular supply chamer and the outlet chamber, said passages in the rear body part and in the annular partition being inclined in converging directions, whereby the fluids from the respective supply chambers are directed in. tantial and convergin directions into said utlet chamber about t e directing cone.

9. A spraying nozzle or atomizer comprising the combination of disc like front and rear body parts, secured together and ,recessed on their meeting faces to form between them a central outlet chamber and an annular iluid supply chamber divided from said central outlet chamber by an annular partition, an annular fluid supply chamber formed by a recess in the rear body part, a directing cone formed on the face of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chamber, tangentially arranged fluid passages leading from the annular supply chambers to the outlet chber and consisting of holes in the rear a? part and slots in the said annular partition, said fluid passa and slots being inclined in converging directions whereby the fluids from the respective supply chambers are directed in tangential and converging directions so as to meet in said outlet chamber about the directing cone. v

10. A spraying nozzle or atomizer comprising the combination of a disclike front and rear to v parts secured tether and recessed on their meeting faces to form between them a central outlet chber, and an annular fluid supply chamber divided from said central outlet chber .by an annular partition, an annular fluid supply chamber formed by a recess in the r M? part, a directing cone formed on the of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chber, tangentially arranged fluid food in the said rear y part and through the annular partition between the annular supply chambar and the outlet chamber, said passages in the rear body part and in the annular partt-ion being inclined in converging directions, whereby the fluids from the 1 lll lllU

tiyesupannular partition,

its

' prising the com ination of disc like front and rear y parts secured together and recessed on their meeting faces to form between them a central outlet chamber and an annular fluid supply chamber divided from said central outlet chamber by an an annular fluid supply chamber formed b a recess in the rear body part, a directing cone formed on the face of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chamber, tangentially arranged fluid passages formed in the said rear body part and through the annular partition between the annular supply chamber and the outlet chamber, said pass in the r body part and in the annular partition being inclined in converging directions, whereby the fluids from the respective supply chambers are directed in tangential and converging directions into said outletchamber about the directing cone, a forwardly prmecting rim located on the face of the rear body part around the directing cone and between the outlets from the respective series of fluid supply passages, an additional air inlet chamber and formed by a central passage mg cone.

fluid passages formed in the sai 12. A. spraying nozzle or atomizer comprising the combination of disc like front and rear body parts secured together and recessed on their meeting faces to form between them a central outlet chambef, and an annular fluid su ply chamber divided from said central out partition, an annular fluid supply chamber formed by a recess in the rear body part, a directing cone formed on the face of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chamber, tangentiall arranged rear body part and throu h the annular partition between the annu or supply chamber and the outlet chamber, said passages in the, rear body part and in the annular partition being inclined in converging directions, whereb the fluids from the respective supply c ambers are directed in tangential and converging directions into said outlet chamber about the directing cone, an additional air inlet opening into said outlet chamber and formed-by a central amage through said rear body part and the directing cone, an auxiliary air admission chamber provided with auxiliary air admission passages and comprised by an enlarged chamber located beyond the discharge nozzle of the said central outlet chamber and provi with a mg cone, an additional opening mto said outlet.

V vided with a discharge opening in alignthrough said rear body part'and the direct et chamber by an annulardirecting cone formed on the ass discharge opening in ali l nozzle'or atomizer com- 13. A sprayin prising the com ination of disc like flout and rear body parts mcured together and recessed on their meeting faces to form between them a central outlet chamber, and an annular fluid su ply chamber divided from said central out et chamber by an annular partition, an annular fluid supply chamber ormed by a recess in the rear ody part, a directing cone formed on the face of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chamber, tangentially arranged fluid passages formed in the sari rear body part and throu h the annular partition be tween the-annu or supply chamber and the outlet chamber, said passages in the rear body part and in the annular partition being inclined in converging directions, whereb the fluids from the respective supply 0 verging directions into said outlet chamber ablout the directing cone, an additional air in ct forms by a central assage through said rear body part and t e directing cone, an auxiliary anadmission chamber of curved internal formation provided with inclined and forwardly directed air inlet assag'es in itswalls and forming an enlar extension .of the nozzle of the outlet c amber, said,

auxiliary air admission chamber being roment; with said nozzle outlet.

14. A spraying nozzle or atomizer comprising the com ination of disc like front and rear body parts secured together and recessed on their meetin faces to form beembers are directed in tangential and con-' (pening into said outlet'chamber and Y tween them a central out et chamber, and an annular fluid supply chamber divided from said centrel outlet chamber by an annular artition, an annular fluid supply chamber ormed by a recess in the rear ody part, a face of said rear body part and located in the centre of the outlet chamber, tangentially arranged fluid passages formed in the said rear body part and throu h tween the annular supply chamber and the outlet chamber, said passages in the rear body part and in the annular partition being inclined in converging directions, wherethe annular partition beits by the fluids from the respective supply chambers are directed in tangential and converging directions into said outlet chamber about the directing cone, an additional air inlet opening into said outlet chamber and formed by a central passa through said rear body part and the dlrecting cone, a

plug for closing the additional centralair passage when required.

' 15. A spraying nozzle or atomizer comprising the combination of disc like front and rear body parts secured together and recessed on their meeting faces to form he 5 H & ormed by a. recess in the rear r H twoan them a, control outlet oh kor, and an annular fluid rugmly chmr divflod. m soi cent out et chamber by on mmullor artitiom, rm annular fium suply mbor port, a

directin cone formed on the foco of arid. rear b y part mfl located in the centre of the outlet ohombor, trmg'ontioll arrodl fluid passages formed in the i roar body 1o port and. through the omlar partition botweon the omlrar gupply chbol't' d the outlet chamber, sold p in tho m1:

body part M in tho ullmpartition being inclined in convergi directions, whereby the fluids from the respective supply chambers are directedl fin tangential and converging directions into 'soid'outlet cberj about the directing come, somwed inlet :a to the poctivo fluid, feeg chzimbers,- whereby tho atomizer formed by said disc like body ports may to connected to and supported upon the pipes which supply the fimfis. V v.

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